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Sublimation vs. Evaporation

The main difference between sublimation and evaporation is that sublimation is the conversion of matter from a solid phase to the gaseous phase, whereas evaporation is the conversion of the liquid phase into the gaseous phase.

Key Differences

In sublimation, the enthalpy gives the amount of energy that is required for sublimation to occur; on the other hand, in evaporation, the enthalpy gives the amount of energy that is required for evaporation to occur.
Sublimation is the conversion of matter from a solid phase to the gaseous phase without passing through the liquid phase, whereas evaporation is the conversion of the liquid phase into the gaseous phase.
Solid-phase is the initial phase for sublimation while the liquid phase is the initial phase for evaporation.
Sublimation occurs at pressure and temperature below the triple point of a substance; conversely, evaporation occurs on the surface of the liquid.
Sublimation changes its phase from solid to liquid without entering into a liquid state; on the flip side, evaporation changes its phase from liquid to gaseous state.
Samantha Walker
Aug 31, 2019

Comparison Chart

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Sublimation is the conversion of matter from a solid phase to the gaseous phase without passing through the liquid phase.
Evaporation is the conversion of the liquid phase into the gaseous phase.
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Initial Phase

Solid-phase is the initial phase
Liquid phase is the initial phase

Enthalpy

Enthalpy gives the amount of energy that is required for sublimation to occur
Enthalpy gives the amount of energy that is required for evaporation to occur

Phase Change

From solid to liquid without entering into a liquid state
Liquid to a gaseous state.
Harlon Moss
Aug 31, 2019

Occurrence

Occurs att pressure and temperature below the triple point of a substance
Occurs on the surface of the liquid
Harlon Moss
Aug 31, 2019

Sublimation and Evaporation Definitions

Sublimation

To be transformed directly from the solid to the gaseous state or from the gaseous to the solid state without becoming a liquid.

Evaporation

To convert or change into a vapor.
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Sublimation

(Chemistry) To cause (a solid or gas) to sublimate.

Evaporation

To draw off in the form of vapor.

Sublimation

(Psychology) In psychoanalytic theory, to divert or modify (an instinctual impulse or drive) into an activity or interest of higher social value.

Evaporation

To draw moisture from, as by heating, leaving only the dry solid portion.

Sublimation

(Chemistry) A product of sublimation.

Evaporation

To deposit (a metal) on a substrate by vacuum sublimation.
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Sublimation

(chemistry) The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor state such that it does not pass through the intermediate liquid phase.

Evaporation

To change into vapor.

Sublimation

(psychology) The transformation of an impulse into something socially constructive.

Evaporation

To pass off in or as vapor.

Sublimation

Elevation; exaltation; a making sublime.

Evaporation

To produce vapor.

Sublimation

The act or process of subliming, or the state or result of being sublimed.

Evaporation

To disappear; vanish
Our fears at last evaporated.

Sublimation

The act of heightening or improving; exaltation; elevation; purification.

Evaporation

The process of a liquid converting to the gaseous state.

Sublimation

That which is sublimed; the product of a purifying process.
Religion is the perfection, refinement, and sublimation of morality.

Evaporation

The process in which all or a portion of liquid (in a container) is turned into vapour, in order to increase the concentration of solid matter in the mixture.

Sublimation

(chemistry) a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid

Evaporation

(archaic) That which is evaporated; vapor.

Sublimation

(psychology) modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct (especially a sexual one) to one that is socially acceptable

Evaporation

The process by which any substance is converted from a liquid state into, and carried off in, vapor; as, the evaporation of water, of ether, of camphor.

Evaporation

The transformation of a portion of a fluid into vapor, in order to obtain the fixed matter contained in it in a state of greater consistence.

Evaporation

That which is evaporated; vapor.

Evaporation

See Vaporization.

Evaporation

The process of becoming a vapor

Evaporation

The process of extracting moisture

Sublimation vs. Evaporation

Sublimation is the conversion of matter from a solid phase to the gaseous phase without passing through the liquid phase, whereas evaporation is the conversion of the liquid phase into the gaseous phase. Solid-phase is the initial phase for sublimation while the liquid phase is the initial phase for evaporation. In sublimation, the enthalpy gives the amount of energy that is required for sublimation to occur; on the other hand, in evaporation, the enthalpy gives the amount of energy that is required for evaporation to occur. Sublimation changes its phase from solid to liquid without entering into a liquid state; on the flip side, evaporation changes its phase from liquid to gaseous state. Sublimation occurs at pressure and temperature below the triple point of a substance; conversely, evaporation happens on the surface of the liquid.

What is Sublimation?

Sublimation is the conversion of matter from a solid phase to the gaseous phase without passing through the liquid phase. In this, the solid directly changes into a gas. Sublimation is an endothermic reaction. From the time when chemical bonds between molecules should be broken down to release energy into the air, the energy should be given to break the. That’s why it is an endothermic reaction, and this energy is calculated as the enthalpy of sublimation. Sublimation occurs at pressure and temperature below the triple point of a substance. The triple pint of a substance is the pressure and temperature in which the substance exists in all three phases, i.e. solid, liquid, and gaseous phase. Below the triple point, solid water transfers, changing directly into the gaseous phase with a temperature increase, and never passing through the liquid state. Sublimation technique is used by chemists to purify compounds. A solid is generally placed in a sublimation apparatus and then heated under vacuum. The solid condenses and volatilizes as a purified compound on a cooled surface under this reduced pressure and leaving behind a non-volatile residue of impurities. Once the heating stops and the vacuum is removed, the purified compound then may be collected from the cooling surface.

Examples

  • Water: Turning of dry ice into gaseous carbon dioxide at room pressure and temperature.
  • Naphthalene: An organic compound that easily sublimes at standard pressure and temperature is naphthalene.
  • Other Substances: Iodine produce smokes on gentle heating and possible to obtain liquid iodine by controlling the temperature at just above the melting point of iodine at atmospheric pressure.

What is Evaporation?

Evaporation is the conversion of the liquid phase into the gaseous phase. Evaporation is also an endothermic process, and intermolecular forces between molecules of liquid should be broken down to form its vapor. So this reaction requires energy to break the bonds. Hence, it is an endothermic reaction. Evaporation is the opposite reaction of condensation. It is directly related to the temperature because when the temperature is increased, the rate of evaporation is also increased. Evaporation occurs on the surface of the liquid. The molecules in the mid or bottom of the liquid have a high amount of intermolecular forces compared to the molecules near the surface of the liquid. Therefore, the molecules on the surface of the liquid can be easily released and also these molecules are the first to be converted into the gaseous phase.

Factors Affecting the Rate of Evaporation

  • The Concentration of Substance in Air: If there is a high quantity of evaporating substance in air, then the process of evaporation occurs gradually.
  • The Flow Rate of Air: A higher rate of airflow increases the evaporation.
  • Intermolecular Forces: The enthalpy of evaporation is high if the intermolecular forces are stronger, then the evaporation is slow.
  • Surface Area: An area with a large surface is helpful for higher evaporation.

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