Kinase vs. Phosphorylase
Key Differences
Comparison Chart
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Discovery
Phosphate Source
Bond Breaking
Substrate
Examples
Kinase and Phosphorylase Definitions
Kinase
Phosphorylase
Kinase
Phosphorylase
Kinase
Kinase
Kinase vs. Phosphorylase
The kinase was first observed in the liver as protein kinase by the Gene Kennedy in 1954, whereas phosphorylase was observed by the Earl W. Sutherland Jr. in the late 1930s as glycogen phosphorylase.
When the donating agency is the high energy ATP molecule, the enzyme involved is a kinase, and when the donating agency is the inorganic phosphate as PO43- from H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) as a phosphorylation source then enzyme involved is phosphorylase. The kinase acceptors are organic molecules like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, etc. while the phosphorylase acceptors are specific substances or monomeric subunits like glycogen, starch, etc.
Kinases are not involved in the bond-breaking of a substrate during the transfer of the phosphate group, while the phosphorylase breaks the bonds of the substrate and specific substance by adding the phosphate group. The typical kind of kinase is protein kinase among the carbohydrates and lipids kinases, while the common type of phosphorylase is the glycogen phosphorylase.
What is Kinase?
Kinase in the form of the biological catalyst is one of the kinds of phosphotransferase which catalyze the phosphorylation by the transfer of phosphate group from the inorganic phosphate (PO43-). The kinase acts in various enzymatic reactions, not involved in the bond-breaking of the substrate.
Kinases play the role as a phosphotransferase, which regulates the functions of cells by transfer of phosphate from the donor ATP to substrate molecules such as glucose, proteins, and lipids as well. Kinase doesn’t break the bonds of substrate molecules on which they act during the transfer of phosphate groups. Some of the substrates are riboflavin, creatine, etc. Kinase acts as transmitting signals source regulating the complex processes in cells.
Classification of Kinase
- Protein Kinase: One of the diverse and most significant functional family of kinases is a protein kinase. They deal with the functions and activity of many proteins by adding the phosphates to amino acids such as tyrosine, threonine, serine, and also histidine. P13K combines phosphorus with oxygen.
- Lipid Kinase: These acts the reactivity of substrate lipids by the addition of phosphate as phosphoinositide three kinases involved in causing cancer when this lipid kinase act over the catalytic subunit PIK3CA (provides instructions for making p110 alpha protein).
- Carbohydrate Kinase: These kinases act over the substrate carbohydrates such as glucose and hexokinase (an enzyme used during the glycolysis) regulating various metabolic pathways.
What is Phosphorylase?
Phosphorylase is also one of the kinds of phosphotransferase catalyzing phosphorylation from inorganic phosphates (Pi) to acceptor molecules. Phosphorylase enzymes are involved in the breaking of bonds of substrate and monomer molecule, unlike kinase by phosphate (PO43- ). It is regulated by the phosphorylation and also the allosteric regulation (binding of the enzyme other than the enzyme’s active site on effector molecule).
Phosphorylase is the active form in the activation sense of enzymes than the phosphorylase b. In the process of phosphorylation, ATP is required by the process, whereas in dephosphorylation, free inorganic phosphates are released as Pi. Phosphorylases are different from the phosphatases which remove the phosphate group from the donor by water. Phosphorylases also include the allosteric enzymes (can change their shape on binding of the effector, which play the role of catalyst for the production of glucose-1-phosphate from the glucan such as glycogen, starch, etc.
They are named accordingly by the addition of a substrate name with the phosphorylase as glycogen/starch phosphorylase is named as when substrate starch is acted by phosphorylase during the addition of phosphate from an inorganic phosphate.
Examples of phosphorylase are trehalose phosphorylase, glycogen/starch phosphorylase ( In glycogenesis), polynucleotide phosphorylase. The enzymatic disorders caused by phosphorylase are Glycogen storage disease type V-muscle glycogen and Glycogen storage disease type VI-liver glycogen.
Classification of Phosphorylase
- Glycosyl Phosphotransferase: Enzymes removing glucose from glucans, e.g., maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase. Enzymes are breaking nucleosides into subunits of bases and sugars, e.g., purine nucleosides phosphorylase.
- Nucleotidyl Phosphotransferase: Having activity of exonuclease 3’ to 5’ position, e.g., polynucleotide phosphorylated.
