Euploidy vs. Aneuploidy

Main Difference

The main difference between Euploidy and Aneuploidy is that Euploidy is known as the increase in chromosomal set numbers in the genome, whereas Aneuploidy is known as the change occurs in the number of a specific chromosome present in a set.

Euploidy vs. Aneuploidy — Is There a Difference?
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Difference Between Euploidy and Aneuploidy

Euploidy vs. Aneuploidy

The condition of containing the number of chromosomes that are the same multiple of a standard number of chromosomes is called euploidy; on the flip side, the state in which one or more chromosome number is removed or added from the original number of chromosome is known as aneuploidy.

Euploidy vs. Aneuploidy

The reasons which lead to the happening of euploidy are complete nondisjunction or interspecies crosses; on the other hand, the main reasons for the happening of aneuploidy are chromosome loss, meiotic nondisjunction, and mitotic nondisjunction.

Euploidy vs. Aneuploidy

The Euploidy commonly takes place in plants, but it takes place rarely in animals; in contrast to the euploidy, aneuploidy mainly takes place in both plants and animals.

Euploidy vs. Aneuploidy

Triploid (3n), diploid (2n), and tetraploid (4n) are some variations which mostly takes place in euploidy; on the contrary, nullisomy, trisomy, monosomy, and tetrasomy are the types of variation which takes place in aneuploidy.

Euploidy vs. Aneuploidy

The euploidy is known as a considerable change in which the total number of genetic material grows by way of chromosomal set numbers, while aneuploidy is relatively known as the little change in which the number of genetic material changes by way of chromosomal numbers.

Euploidy vs. Aneuploidy

The production of a novel type of organisms and species takes place through the happening of euploidy; in contrast, the occurrence of the imbalance in the total number of gene products happens through aneuploidy.

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Euploidynoun

(genetics) The condition of having a chromosome number that is an exact multiple of the haploid number for the species.

Aneuploidynoun

(genetics) The condition of being aneuploid; the state of possessing a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number of the organism in question.

Aneuploidynoun

an abnormality involving a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (one chromosome set is incomplete)

Comparison Chart

Euploidy Aneuploidy
The variation of a chromosomal set of an organism or a cell is known as euploidy. The variation occurs in the total number of chromosomes of an organism, or a cell is known as aneuploidy.
Considered As
Considered as the state which consists of chromosome number that is a precise multiple of an original chromosome number Considered as the state in which an individual or a few chromosome numbers are deleted or added from the typical number of chromosome
Type of Variation
Contains significant mutation in which the total of genetic material rises through sets of chromosomes Contains relatively small mutation in which the total number of genetic material changes through the change occurs in chromosome number
Variations
Tetraploid (4n), triploid (3n), and diploid (2n) Trisomy, nullisome, monosomy, and tetrasomy
Occurrence
Very rare takes place in animals but mostly takes place in plants. Comparatively takes place in both plants and animals.
In Humans
Not occur in humans Occur in humans
Causes
The primary causes which lead to the euploidy are interspecies crosses and complete nondisjunction. The leading causes which lead to the occurrence of aneuploidy are mitotic nondisjunction, meiotic nondisjunction, and chromosome loss.
Role
The particular role-play is that it may lead to the production of many new species and organisms. The specific role-play is that it leads to the disproportion in the number of gene material.
Number of Chromosome Sets
Change in the number of chromosome sets occurs. The change in the number of chromosomes sets doe not occur.
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Euploidy vs. Aneuploidy

Euploidy is considered as the state which consists of chromosome number that is a precise multiple of an original chromosome number; on the other hand, aneuploidy is considered as the state in which an individual or a few chromosome numbers are deleted or added from the usual number of chromosome. Euploidy contains a high mutation in which the total genetic material rises through sets of chromosomes; on the contrary, aneuploidy contains a relatively small mutation in which the total number of genetic material changes through the change occurs in chromosome number.

The variations that happen in euploidy are tetraploid (4n), triploid (3n), and diploid (2n); on the flip side, the variations happen in aneuploidy are trisomy, nullisome, monosomy, and tetrasomy. Euploidy very rarely takes place in animals, but mostly takes place in plants; at the same time, aneuploidy comparatively takes place in both plants and animals. The euploidy is not occurred in humans, while aneuploidy occurs in humans.

The leading causes which lead to the euploidy are interspecies crosses and complete nondisjunction; in contrast, the primary causes which lead to the occurrence of aneuploidy are mitotic nondisjunction, meiotic nondisjunction, and the chromosome loss. The particular role of euploidy is that it may lead to the production of many new species and organisms; on the other hand, the specific role of aneuploidy is that it leads to the disproportion in the number of gene material. The number of chromosome sets is changed in euploidy, whereas the number of chromosome sets is not changed in aneuploidy.

What is Euploidy?

Euploidy referred to the condition which contains a chromosomal number that is a multiple of an original number of chromosome set. It means that the number of chromosome sets is changed and increased in euploidy.

‘n’ is defined as the somatic chromosome number of a specific organism. The genome of euploidy can be categorized base on the number of chromosome sets such as diploids, monoploids, and polyploids. The Monoploid (n) usually contains an individual set of chromosomes, whereas Diploid (n) contains typically binary sets of chromosomes. The Polyploids contain three or more than two chromosome sets, which could be tetraploid (4n), triploid (3n), pentaploid (5n), hexaploid (6n), etc. The organism having an odd number of chromosomes are generally known as sterile.

Euploidy primarily takes place in plants. The mechanism that leads directly to the euploidy in which total chromosomes present in a set shifts only to the one daughter cell is called complete nondisjunction. The primary mechanism that happens in euploidy, which is a cross between some distinctive species, is called interspecies crosses.

What is Aneuploidy?

Aneuploidy is referred to as the state in which one or more than one chromosomes are removed or added from the original number of chromosomes. Therefore, in aneuploidy, the chromosome number can be smaller or higher as compared to the wild type of chromosome numbers.

Many types of aneuploidy are known as monosomy, nullisomy, and trisomy. Nullisomy (2n-2) is the condition in which both chromosomes of homologous pairs are lost, and this condition can become lethal in many organisms. Monosomy (2n-1) is the condition in which the loss of one chromosome occurs from the homologous pair.

The genome of humans usually is diploid (2n) having two sex chromosomes and 44 autosomes. The example of monosomy is known as Turner Syndrome (44+XO). Trisomy is the condition which is known as the gain of an additional chromosome (2n+1). The examples of trisomy are Down syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome (44+XXY/XYY).

The primary causes of aneuploidy are mitotic and meiotic nondisjunction. The failure occurs in homologous chromosomes to detached during the meiosis anaphase one, which results in the gametes containing a greater or lesser number of chromosomes. The failure of sister chromatids to detached from each other during mitosis may also give rise to abnormal chromosome numbers in the next daughter cells.

Conclusion

The above discussion concludes that euploidy is the existence of a new number of chromosome sets; in contrast, aneuploidy is the existence of the changing number of chromosomes in the genomic material.