DNA Polymerase vs. RNA Polymerase
Key Differences
Comparison Chart
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Uses
Product
Nucleotides
Elongation
Speed
Error Rate
Efficiency
Types
DNA Polymerase vs. RNA Polymerase
DNA polymerase is the enzyme involved in the manufacturing of DNA double-stranded molecule, whereas the RNA polymerase is the enzyme involved in the manufacturing of RNA single-stranded molecule. DNA polymerase enzyme involved in the replication process of DNA while the RNA polymerase enzyme involved in the transcription process. DNA polymerase enzyme always needs nucleotides of DNA to make the new nucleotides of DNA; on the other hand, RNA polymerase enzyme always needs RNA nucleotides to make the new nucleotides of the RNA.
DNA polymerase enzyme is mainly needed importantly in the S phase; on the flip side, RNA polymerase enzyme is mainly needed in the G1 and G2 phase of the growth phase cell cycle. DNA polymerase always acts on the replication fork of the DNA that is opened with the help of Helicase enzyme; on the other hand, RNA polymerase enzyme acts on the trigger sites present on the strands of DNA. DNA polymerase enzyme needs DNA gyrase for its activation, whereas the RNA polymerase always needs the holoenzyme for its activation.
DNA polymerase enzyme cannot start the process on its own, whereas the RNA polymerase enzyme can start its process without any help. DNA polymerase enzyme always needs the primers to start the replication process of DNA; on the other hand, RNA polymerase enzyme does not need the primers to start the transcription process. The activities of exonuclease enzyme are present in DNA polymerase; on the flip side, the activities of the exonuclease enzyme is not present in RNA polymerase.
The efficiency of DNA polymerase is greater than that of the RNA polymerase; on the other hand, the efficiency of RNA polymerase is less than that of the DNA polymerase. The error rate in DNA polymerase is very low; on the flip side, the error rate in RNA polymerase is very high. DNA polymerase is divided into three further types, whereas the RNA polymerase is divided into five further types.
The DNA polymerase cannot stop the replication process on its own; on the other hand, RNA polymerase can stop the transcription process. The speed rate of DNA polymerase is 1000 nucleotides per second in prokaryotes; on the other hand, the speed rate of RNA polymerase is 40-80 nucleotides per second in prokaryotes. The DNA polymerase involved in the elongation of DNA molecules; on the flip side, the RNA polymerase involved in the elongation of the RNA molecule.
What is DNA Polymerase?
DNA polymerase is the type of enzyme that is present in the cell of the living organisms that is mainly involved in making the DNA-double stranded molecule. It involves the complete elongation of the entire chromosomes in the cell during the S phase of the cell division. The exonuclease enzyme activity is much prominent in the DNA polymerase.
It always adds new nucleotides at the 3’ end of the DNA strand. It always proceeds the further process of the replication process in 3 to 5 direction. Its main disadvantage is that it always adds new nucleotides only when there is present a part of the RNA strand known as the primers, that can be removed later with the other DNA polymerase.
The efficiency of DNA polymerase is much greater than that of all the enzymes that are present in the organisms. Its speed of working efficiency is greater in prokaryotes than that in eukaryotes. It can add the DNA nucleotides at the rate of 1000 per sec in prokaryotes and 100 per sec in eukaryotes.
The other important enzymes that are involved in the replication process in the help of DNA polymerase are DNA Gyrase and helicase enzymes. The types of DNA polymerase in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase II, and DNA polymerase III.
What is RNA Polymerase?
The RNA polymerase is the enzyme that is present in the cell of the living organisms that is mainly involved in making the RNA-single stranded molecule. It involves the complete elongation of the entire RNA molecule during the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle in cell division. The exonucleases activity usually absents in the RNA polymerase.
It adds the new nucleotides of RNA molecules that are involved in the transcription process. It also proceeds in 3 to 5 direction of the new daughter strand. The efficiency of RNA polymerase is much less than the DNA polymerase. The blunder rate is much greater than the other enzyme.
Its speed of competence is 40-80 per sec nucleotides of RNA in the prokaryotes and eukaryotes both. The haloenzyme present in the process of formation of RNA molecules. Only one type of RNA polymerase is present in the prokaryotes, whereas the other three types are present in eukaryotes that are RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, and RNA polymerase III.
