Convergent Evolution vs. Divergent Evolution
Key Differences
Comparison Chart
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Organs
Cause
Appearance
Way of Living
Way of Evolution
Example
Convergent Evolution vs. Divergent Evolution
There is a large number of species that exist in this universe. Billions of years ago, there was only single cellular prokaryotes that have developed into such large size complex organisms. According to scientists, this variety of life on earth has been derived through evolution. Evolution is a process of gradual changes with the passage of time. There are two types of evolution, i.e., Microevolution and macroevolution. Macroevolution is further divided into convergent evolution and divergent evolution. Convergent evolution is a type of evolution in which two or more different species derived from the same specie with the passage of time while divergent evolution is a type of evolution in which a specie diverges into two or more different species. These changes are actually taking place due to change in environment. Organisms try to adapt to the new environment and in this way variation takes place that gives rise to new species. Convergent evolution gives rise to the analogous structure while divergent evolution gives rise to divergent structures.
What is Convergent Evolution?
Normally the word “convergent” stands for “merging.” So, Convergent evolution is a process in which multiple species developed a similar trait in order to adapt to their environment. In this way, we can say that changes in the environment are the key to the convergent evolution. In response to any change in their surrounding environment, organisms try to adapt their body according to this change. So, variations take place at the genetic level which is hereditary. As a result of these changes multiple species that are living in the same environment adapted the same changes in their body which cause convergent evolution. Internally these organisms may resemble their parents, but their outer structure may be different. So, convergent evolution evolves analogous organs. Analogous organs are the organs that have the same function but different in their structure and origin. Wings of insects, bats, and birds are the example of analogous structures.
What is Divergent Evolution?
Word “divergent” stands for “separated.” So, divergent evolution is a type of evolution in a single specie diverges or separated into two or more different species. This type of evolution is totally opposite to the convergent evolution. Environmental changes or migration of some members of specie to a different environment are the causes of divergent evolution. In order to adopt the different environment of a different area, they bring changes in them that cause the evolution of different species from a single specie. So, divergent evolution takes place. As it gives rise to totally new species so, organisms are different both internally as well as externally to their ancestors. Divergent evolution evolves homologous structures. Homologous structures are the structures that have the same structure but vary in their functions. Darwin Finches or Galapagos finches is the example of divergent evolution.
