C vs. Java: What's the Difference?
Edited by Sawaira Riaz || By Sumera Saeed || Updated on October 25, 2023
C is a procedural programming language, while Java is an object-oriented language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
Key Differences
C and Java are both influential programming languages, each with its own set of features and applications. C is a procedural language, emphasizing the sequence of operations, and has been foundational in computer programming since its development in the 1970s. Java, in contrast, is object-oriented, focusing on the objects and their interactions, and emerged in the mid-1990s with an intent to address the growing need for web and network applications.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
When discussing platforms, C typically compiles to machine code specific for a target system, making it incredibly efficient and often used in system-level programming. Java adopts a different approach; it compiles to bytecode, which runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), providing Java with the "write once, run anywhere" capability. This means Java applications can operate on any device with a JVM, fostering portability.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
The memory management in C requires manual intervention, giving developers a lot of control but also making them responsible for memory allocation and deallocation. Java simplifies this by incorporating an automatic garbage collector that reclaims memory once objects are no longer in use. This difference showcases the higher-level abstraction Java offers compared to the more hands-on approach in C.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
In terms of libraries and frameworks, C has a rich standard library for various tasks, but Java arguably has a broader ecosystem, thanks to its standard library and numerous third-party libraries available for a wide range of applications. Java's extensive ecosystem is a result of its widespread use in web, enterprise, and mobile development.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
In summation, while both C and Java have cemented their places in the software development world, C's efficiency and control appeal to system-level programming, whereas Java's portability and extensive ecosystem make it a preferred choice for many modern applications.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
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Comparison Chart
Platform Dependency
Platform-dependent
Platform-independent ("write once, run anywhere")
Aimie Carlson
Oct 25, 2023
Standard Library & Ecosystem
Rich standard library
Extensive standard library and third-party frameworks
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
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C and Java Definitions
C
A procedural programming language.
C is often used for system-level programming.
Sawaira Riaz
Oct 25, 2023
Java
Runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
Java's portability is due to its bytecode running on the JVM.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
C
Developed in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie.
C has influenced many modern languages.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
Java
Features automatic memory management.
Java's garbage collector automatically reclaims unused memory.
Janet White
Oct 25, 2023
C
Has a rich standard library.
The C standard library offers a variety of functions for common tasks.
Sara Rehman
Oct 25, 2023
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Java
An object-oriented programming language.
Java promotes the use of objects and classes in its design.
Sawaira Riaz
Oct 25, 2023
C
Requires manual memory management.
Developers use malloc and free in C for memory tasks.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
Java
Released in the mid-1990s by Sun Microsystems.
Java has since become a staple in enterprise software development.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
C
Typically compiles to machine-specific code.
C programs are optimized for specific architectures.
Harlon Moss
Oct 25, 2023
Java
Known for its "write once, run anywhere" capability.
Java applications can run on any device equipped with a JVM.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
FAQs
Does C support object-oriented programming?
While C is primarily procedural, developers can implement object-oriented structures, but it's not inherent.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
What is C primarily used for?
C is often used for system-level programming and embedded systems.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
Which language came first, C or Java?
C was developed in the 1970s, while Java was released in the mid-1990s.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
How does Java ensure cross-platform compatibility?
Java compiles to bytecode, which runs on the JVM, ensuring compatibility across platforms.
Sara Rehman
Oct 25, 2023
Can I write Android apps with Java?
Yes, Java is a primary language for Android app development.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
Do I need separate compilers for C on different platforms?
Yes, C requires platform-specific compilers to produce machine-specific code.
Sara Rehman
Oct 25, 2023
What are some popular tools for Java development?
Popular tools include the Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA Integrated Development Environments (IDEs).
Janet White
Oct 25, 2023
How does Java handle exceptions?
Java uses a try-catch mechanism to handle exceptions.
Janet White
Oct 25, 2023
Are there alternative languages influenced by Java and C?
Yes, languages like C++, C#, and Kotlin have been influenced by both C and Java.
Aimie Carlson
Oct 25, 2023
Is C harder to learn than Java?
Some find C's manual memory management and pointers challenging, but difficulty is subjective.
Aimie Carlson
Oct 25, 2023
Can Java be used for embedded systems?
While less common than C, Java can be used in embedded systems through platforms like Java ME.
Janet White
Oct 25, 2023
Is C still relevant today?
Yes, C remains fundamental in areas like operating system development and embedded systems.
Aimie Carlson
Oct 25, 2023
Is Java platform-independent?
Yes, Java's "write once, run anywhere" approach allows it to run on any device with a JVM.
Sawaira Riaz
Oct 25, 2023
Do both C and Java support multi-threading?
Yes, both languages support multi-threading, but Java has a more extensive built-in library for it.
Aimie Carlson
Oct 25, 2023
What's the main strength of C over Java?
C offers more control over system resources and can be more efficient for certain tasks.
Sumera Saeed
Oct 25, 2023
Which language is faster in execution?
C generally offers faster execution due to direct machine code compilation, but performance varies based on the use-case.
Aimie Carlson
Oct 25, 2023
How does Java handle memory management?
Java uses an automatic garbage collector to manage memory.
Janet White
Oct 25, 2023
Why is Java popular for web applications?
Java's portability, extensive libraries, and security features make it suitable for web development.
Janet White
Oct 25, 2023
Can C be used for mobile app development?
While not common, C can be used, especially in performance-critical components of apps.
Harlon Moss
Oct 25, 2023
Is C a high-level or low-level language?
C is considered a high-level language, but it offers features and control akin to low-level languages.
Harlon Moss
Oct 25, 2023
About Author
Written by
Sumera SaeedSumera is an experienced content writer and editor with a niche in comparative analysis. At Diffeence Wiki, she crafts clear and unbiased comparisons to guide readers in making informed decisions. With a dedication to thorough research and quality, Sumera's work stands out in the digital realm. Off the clock, she enjoys reading and exploring diverse cultures.
Edited by
Sawaira RiazSawaira is a dedicated content editor at difference.wiki, where she meticulously refines articles to ensure clarity and accuracy. With a keen eye for detail, she upholds the site's commitment to delivering insightful and precise content.
