Literal Language vs. Figurative Language: What's the Difference?

Edited by Huma Saeed || By Sumera Saeed || Updated on October 11, 2023

Literal language means words are used in their basic, dictionary sense. Figurative language employs figures of speech and implies meanings different from the words used.

Key Differences

Literal language represents straightforward communication, where words and phrases hold their conventional, exact meanings. In the realm of literal language, there's no room for interpretation or reading between the lines. For example, if someone says, "I'm cold," in a literal sense, it directly means that the person is feeling chilly. Here, literal language stands as a pillar that supports clear, unambiguous communication, making interactions and information exchange concise and straightforward.

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Contrarily, figurative language dives into a sea of symbolic meanings and imaginative comparisons. It harnesses metaphors, similes, personification, and more to convey messages in a more colorful, imaginative manner. When someone claims, "My heart is a frozen tundra," figuratively, they aren't suggesting a literal, anatomical transformation. Instead, figurative language allows them to express emotional pain or numbness through metaphor, enabling the listener to visualize and feel the speaker's experiences more vividly.

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Literal language prioritizes accuracy and sticks to facts. It’s heavily employed in scientific, technical, and academic texts, where precision is paramount. In this domain, misinterpretation due to symbolic or implied meanings could lead to misunderstandings or inaccuracies. Thus, literal language ensures clarity and transparency by eliminating the need for deeper, interpretative analysis of the text.

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Figurative language, alternatively, thrives in the world of literature, poetry, and everyday conversations where emotional expressiveness and imaginative comparisons enhance the richness of language. It enables writers and speakers to venture beyond the borders of literal meanings, to bring emotions, visuals, and abstract concepts to life in a relatable, tangible manner. Figurative language, hence, wraps messages in a layer of creativity and depth, inviting the audience to explore beneath the surface level.

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In a nutshell, while literal language aligns strictly with exact meanings and facts, providing clear and unambiguous communication, figurative language indulges in symbolic, metaphorical, and imaginative expressions, providing depth, emotion, and vivid imagery in communication.

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Comparison Chart

Meaning Interpretation

Direct and exact

Symbolic and requires interpretation

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Use of Words

Utilizes words in their standard meanings

Employs words in imaginative or non-literal ways

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Purpose

Convey facts and actuality

Express ideas creatively and invoke imagination

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Expression Style

Straightforward and to the point

Expressive, employing metaphors, similes, etc.

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Common Usage

Academic texts, technical writing, factual communication

Poetry, literature, and creative communication

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Literal Language and Figurative Language Definitions

Literal Language

Literal language means interpreting words in their original, unembellished form.

The sun sets in the west.

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Figurative Language

Figurative language enhances writing by implementing imaginative and non-literal expressions.

Her eyes were shining stars.

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Literal Language

Literal language communicates exact meanings without implying additional interpretation.

The car is red.

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Figurative Language

Figurative language leverages creative expressions to elicit rich imagery and emotional responses.

The world is your oyster.

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Literal Language

Literal language involves stating facts and descriptions without employing symbolism or analogy.

He is wearing a blue shirt.

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Figurative Language

Figurative language aims to provide deeper meanings and emotional resonance through symbolic words or phrases.

The classroom was a zoo.

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Literal Language

Literal language uses words according to their explicitly defined meanings.

The cat is on the roof.

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Figurative Language

Figurative language uses metaphors, similes, and other figures of speech to convey abstract ideas.

He has a heart of stone.

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Literal Language

Literal language adheres strictly to word meanings without utilizing metaphor or allegory.

She has a book in her bag.

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Figurative Language

Figurative language employs words or expressions divergent from their literal interpretation.

Time flies.

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FAQs

What is literal language?

Literal language refers to using words in their standard, explicit meanings without symbolism.

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Can you provide an example of literal language?

"The sky is blue."

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In what contexts is literal language typically used?

It’s often used in scientific texts, legal documents, and instructional writing for clarity and accuracy.

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Could you illustrate figurative language with an example?

"Breaking the ice," metaphorically means to initiate conversation in a tense or formal situation.

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Can literal language contain figures of speech?

No, literal language avoids figures of speech and sticks to exact, defined meanings of words.

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What does figurative language encompass?

It encompasses using words or expressions symbolically, to convey deeper, non-literal meanings.

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How does figurative language affect communication?

It can enrich communication by adding depth and imaginative elements, making expressions more emotionally resonant.

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Does figurative language always involve using traditional idioms or metaphors?

No, it can involve any expression that conveys a meaning different from its literal interpretation.

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What’s a key difference between literal and figurative language?

Literal language adheres to exact meanings, while figurative language implies meanings beyond word definitions.

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Can literal and figurative language be used together?

Yes, in certain contexts, like creative writing, both can be combined effectively.

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Which language type is better for instructional writing?

Literal language is typically favored in instructional writing for its clarity and directness.

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Which is generally more emotive: literal or figurative language?

Figurative language, as it allows for expressive, symbolic, and imaginative communication.

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Is figurative language less accurate than literal language?

Figurative language is not less accurate, but it is less direct, employing symbolic and emotional expressions.

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What is a benefit of using literal language?

It ensures clear, straightforward communication and minimizes risk of misinterpretation.

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Is literal language more straightforward than figurative language?

Yes, it directly communicates meanings without requiring interpretative understanding.

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What’s a common form of figurative language?

Metaphor, which implies a comparison by stating one thing is another.

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Why is figurative language important in poetry?

It enhances emotional expression, provides vivid imagery, and enables readers to visualize and feel abstract concepts.

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Can literal language be used in poetry?

Yes, though poetry often leans on figurative language, literal language can also be utilized for certain effects or clarity.

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Can figurative language be used in formal writing?

Yes, though it is often used sparingly to maintain the formality and clarity of the text.

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How do I choose between using literal or figurative language?

Consider the context, purpose, and audience of your communication to decide which is most appropriate.

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About Author

Written by

Sumera is an experienced content writer and editor with a niche in comparative analysis. At Diffeence Wiki, she crafts clear and unbiased comparisons to guide readers in making informed decisions. With a dedication to thorough research and quality, Sumera's work stands out in the digital realm. Off the clock, she enjoys reading and exploring diverse cultures.

Edited by

Huma is a renowned researcher acclaimed for her innovative work in Difference Wiki. Her dedication has led to key breakthroughs, establishing her prominence in academia. Her contributions continually inspire and guide her field.